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  • Nerves of the liver, gall bladder, pancreas and stomach. Line engraving (by Wooding?), 1789.
  • Pancreas, liver, spleen without its membranes, intestines, lacteals etc. after Kulm, Reverholt, Bidloo, Ruysch, Peyer and Heister. Engraving by Benard, late 18th century.
  • Experimenta nova circa pancreas. Accedit diatribe de lympha et genuino pancreatis usu / Authore Joh. Conr. Brunnero.
  • Anatomy: a dissection of the abdomen showing the duodenum, pancreas and bile-ducts. Photograph, ca. 1900.
  • All of the active derivatives of the pancreas necessary for the treatment of diabetes : Trypsogen.
  • Pan-Yo-A pancreas, yodo y vitamina A en la hipertensión con todas sus clases y características : Aspasmon antiespasmodico general, asociación de papaverina, fenobarbital y salipirina / Instituto Hormorganico Mercolo.
  • Pan-Yo-A pancreas, yodo y vitamina A en la hipertensión con todas sus clases y características : Aspasmon antiespasmodico general, asociación de papaverina, fenobarbital y salipirina / Instituto Hormorganico Mercolo.
  • Cynoglossum officinale L. Boraginaceae. Houndstongue. Distribution: Europe. Culpeper (1650) writes: “... being roasted and laid to the fundament, helps the haemorrhoids. It is also good against burnings and scaldings.” It contains hepatocarcinogenic pyrrolizidine alkaloids and while people are known to eat the young leaves as a vegetable, this is inadvisable. The whole plant is hairy and may cause contact dermatitis. The use of herbal remedies, which contain these alkaloids, by the Bantu of southern Africa correlates with their high incidence of tumours of the liver and pancreas. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
  • Capsicum annuum 'Masquerade' Distribution: Central and South America. This ‘domesticated species’ originated from Mexico (although the centre of Capsicum evolution was much earlier and from Bolivia) and includes the bland salad peppers and the hot chilli peppers, of which capsaicin (sometimes called capsicain), from the lining of the inside of the chilli, is the main active ingredient. Chilli comes from the Aztec language of the Nahuatl people. It was reputedly introduced to Europe by Columbus in the mid-15th century, but was cultivated in Mexico since 4,000 BCE and used in cooking since 7,200 BCE. After its introduction to Europe, its cultivation very rapidly became world-wide. It appears first as a description (Bock, 1539) with the name teutschem Pfeffer. The first illustration, as Siliquastrum, appears in Historia Stirpes commentarii insignis (Fuchs, 1542). Fuchs did not realise it came from the Americas, as he identified it as a plant described by Pliny, Dioscorides and Avicenna and gave their uses of it. It appear in Dodoen's Cruydeboeck (1551) and Lyte's translation (1557) with the note that it is 'hot and drie in the third degree.' He recommended it for dressing meat, and noted that it 'warmeth the stomach' and was good for a sore throat, scrofula, and topically got rid of spots. Fuch's had reported these properties as being described by Avicenna, but what that plant was is unknown. Lindley (1838) wrote: 'It is employed in medicine, in combination with Cinchona in intermittent and lethargic affections, and also in atonic gout, dyspepsia accompanied by flatulence, tympanitis, paralysis etc. Its most valuable application appears however to be in cynanche maligna [=severe sore throat, with impending suffocation] and scarlatina maligna [=severe scarlet fever], used either as a gargle or administered internally.' However, its principal use medically has been in pain relief, applied locally for pain from muscle injury to post herpetic neuralgia. Capsaicin acts on the pain and heat sensing neurones to make them trigger the sensation of pain at body temperature. Repeated exposure to capsaicin depletes the neurotransmitter substance P that is used to perceive pain, so the relevant nerves no longer transmit the sensation of pain/heat from any cause. It is a banned substance in the equestrian events at the Olympics because of its ability to stop perception of pain. Capsaicin has been shown, experimentally, to kill cancer cells by attacking their mitochondria. Particular interest has concentrated on its ability to reduce the size of tumours of the pancreas and prostate. Various cultivars are used in cooking, and the strength (i.e. how hot they are) is measured in Scoville units. A standard chilli pepper used in England would be around 5,000 Scovilles, the hottest peppers are rated over one million Scoville units. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
  • Tractatus anatomico-medicus de succi pancreatici natura et usu / authore Regnero de Graaf, medico delfensi. [Epistola ad ... Lucam Schacht ... de partibus genitalibus mulierum].
  • Tractatus anatomico-medicus de succi pancreatici natura et usu / authore Regnero de Graaf, medico delfensi. [Epistola ad ... Lucam Schacht ... de partibus genitalibus mulierum].
  • De succo pancreatico: or a physical and anatomical treatise of the nature and office of the pancreatick juice shewing its generation in the body, what diseases arise by its vitiation : from whence in particular, by plain and familiar examples, is accurately demonstrated, the causes and cures of agues, or intermitting feavers, hitherto so difficult and uncertain, with sundry other things of worthy note / written by D. Reg. de Graaf ... ; and translated by Christopher Pack.
  • An empty abdomen during a six-organ transplant. Watercolour by Sir Roy Calne, 1994.
  • T. Bartholin, quadruplex vasorum genus ...
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • Pancreatic cancer cells
  • Pancreatic cancer cells
  • Focal pancreatitis, inflammation of exocrine cells
  • En la terapia oral de la diabetes mellitus, Rastinon Hoechst (tolbutamida) : Dispepsia, y flatulencia por insuficiencia pancreatica, medicación substitutiva en pancreatitis cronicas, Festal / Hoechst A.G. ; representantes: Farmaceutica Hoechst Mexicana, S.A.
  • En la terapia oral de la diabetes mellitus, Rastinon Hoechst (tolbutamida) : Dispepsia, y flatulencia por insuficiencia pancreatica, medicación substitutiva en pancreatitis cronicas, Festal / Hoechst A.G. ; representantes: Farmaceutica Hoechst Mexicana, S.A.
  • Atlas and essentials of pathological anatomy / by O. Bollinger.
  • Infecciones intestinales, Vioftalyl ... : Coligène : colagogo a hidrocolerético poderoso, complementado con los fermentos pancreáticos esenciales para una normal digestión intestinal / Andre Bigaux, S.A.
  • Infecciones intestinales, Vioftalyl ... : Coligène : colagogo a hidrocolerético poderoso, complementado con los fermentos pancreáticos esenciales para una normal digestión intestinal / Andre Bigaux, S.A.
  • Dissection of the liver, showing an old subcapsular laceration. Ink wash drawing by G. Dorman, ca. 1910.
  • Type I diabetes, islets of Langerhans glucagon secretion
  • Destruction of islets of Langerhans in Type I diabetes
  • Acinar tissue - The flowers of diabetes
  • Type II diabetes, amyloid in pancreatic islets
  • Development of islet cells from pancreatic ducts
  • Dissection of the liver, showing a tropical abcess. Ink wash drawing by G. Dorman, ca. 1910.